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Two professors at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University in Brooklyn, New York, Susana Martinez-Conde and Stephen Macknik, have filed a proposed class-action lawsuit against Apple, accusing the company of illegally using pirated copies of books to train its artificial intelligence system, Apple Intelligence, Reuters reports.
According to the complaint, Apple allegedly relied on so-called “shadow libraries”—online repositories hosting illegally copied books and academic papers—to train its models. The professors claim that their own published works were among the materials used, amounting to thousands of copyright infringements.
The lawsuit seeks financial damages and a court order prohibiting Apple from using pirated materials in future AI training.
This marks the second such lawsuit filed against Apple in recent months. In September, authors Grady Hendrix and Jennifer Roberson made similar accusations, claiming their literary works were used without permission to train Apple’s language models.
Apple has not yet commented on the new filing, but the company previously stated that Apple Intelligence was trained on "licensed data, including data selected to enhance specific features, as well as publicly available data collected by our web-crawler, AppleBot".