China Launches National Digital ID for Internet Users

Starting July 15, 2025, a new law introducing a national digital ID for internet users will come into effect in China.

Approved in late May, the legislation enables citizens to obtain their digital ID through the government’s online services portal. While officially voluntary, analysts believe that accessing most online platforms without it will soon become increasingly difficult.

Authorities claim the new system will simplify user verification across platforms by eliminating the need to repeatedly confirm identity with bank cards or documents. In practice, most online services in China already require real-name verification. Now, that process will be centralized and directly overseen by the state.

Digital rights experts warn that this shift could significantly expand government control over the internet. A state-issued ID may simplify user tracking, limit online anonymity, and intensify censorship — particularly in political or social contexts.

Similar digital ID systems exist or are being rolled out in other countries like Estonia, India, France, and Germany. However, unlike the Chinese model, these IDs primarily serve access to public services — not as a prerequisite for engaging with the digital world. In China’s case, the ID risks becoming both a universal pass to the internet and a powerful tool of state control.